Virginia Economic Development Partnership — Defense Sector
The Virginia Economic Development Partnership (VEDP) plays a pivotal role in advancing the defense sector within Virginia Beach, a city strategically positioned along the Atlantic coast and home to significant military installations. As a key component of the broader Virginia Economic Development Partnership, the defense sector initiative focuses on fostering collaboration between local, state, and federal stakeholders to attract and retain defense-related industries, support military families, and ensure the region remains a hub for innovation and employment in national security. Virginia Beach’s proximity to Naval Station Norfolk, the largest naval base in the world, and its robust infrastructure make it a critical node in the U.S. defense supply chain. The VEDP’s efforts in this sector are instrumental in maintaining the city’s economic resilience, particularly as defense spending continues to shape regional development. This article explores the history, geography, culture, and economic impact of the VEDP’s defense sector, as well as its influence on the city’s demographics, neighborhoods, and educational institutions.
History
The roots of the VEDP’s defense sector initiatives trace back to the mid-20th century, when Virginia Beach’s strategic location along the Atlantic coast and its proximity to major naval installations began to attract military and defense-related industries. The establishment of Naval Station Norfolk in the 1940s solidified the region’s role as a cornerstone of U.S. naval power, and subsequent decades saw the growth of defense contractors, shipbuilding facilities, and logistics hubs in the area. The VEDP, formed in the 1980s as a public-private partnership, formalized its focus on the defense sector to address challenges such as workforce development, infrastructure needs, and the integration of emerging technologies into military operations. Over the years, the partnership has worked closely with entities like the U.S. Navy, the Department of Defense, and local businesses to ensure that Virginia Beach remains a competitive location for defense-related employment. A 2020 report by the Virginia Beach Economic Development Authority highlighted that the VEDP’s defense sector initiatives have contributed to the retention of over 15,000 jobs in the region, underscoring the long-term economic benefits of sustained investment in this area.
The evolution of the VEDP’s defense sector has also been shaped by technological advancements and shifting defense priorities. In the 21st century, the partnership has expanded its focus to include cybersecurity, unmanned systems, and advanced manufacturing, aligning with the Department of Defense’s emphasis on innovation and modernization. Collaborations with institutions such as the Virginia Military Institute and Old Dominion University have enabled the VEDP to cultivate a pipeline of skilled workers for defense-related industries. Additionally, the partnership has played a key role in securing federal funding for infrastructure projects, such as the modernization of the Virginia Beach International Airport, which serves as a critical hub for military and defense logistics. These efforts have not only strengthened the region’s defense capabilities but also positioned Virginia Beach as a leader in the broader national security ecosystem.
Geography
Virginia Beach’s geography is a defining factor in its prominence within the defense sector, with its coastal location and proximity to major military installations creating a unique environment for defense-related industries. The city lies along the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay, with the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Virginia Peninsula to the west. This strategic position facilitates access to both maritime and land-based military operations, making it an ideal location for defense contractors, shipyards, and logistics centers. The presence of Naval Station Norfolk, located just north of the city, further enhances Virginia Beach’s role as a nexus for naval and defense activities. The VEDP has leveraged this geographic advantage to attract companies involved in shipbuilding, submarine maintenance, and defense technology, ensuring that the region remains a vital component of the U.S. military’s global reach.
The city’s transportation infrastructure also plays a crucial role in supporting the defense sector. Major highways such as Interstate 64 and Interstate 264 connect Virginia Beach to Norfolk and other key military and industrial centers, while the Virginia Beach Oceanfront and nearby ports provide access to maritime operations. The Virginia Beach International Airport, which handles both commercial and military flights, serves as a critical link for the movement of personnel and equipment. In addition, the city’s proximity to the Hampton Roads region, home to the world’s largest naval fleet, ensures that defense-related industries can operate in close coordination with the U.S. Navy and other branches of the military. These geographic and infrastructural advantages have enabled the VEDP to position Virginia Beach as a hub for defense innovation and employment, reinforcing its status as a key player in the national security landscape.
Culture
The defense sector has profoundly influenced the cultural fabric of Virginia Beach, shaping local traditions, community events, and the daily lives of residents. The presence of military installations and the large number of military personnel and their families in the area have fostered a culture of service and patriotism, which is evident in local celebrations, educational programs, and civic initiatives. Annual events such as the Virginia Beach Military Appreciation Day and the Naval Station Norfolk Open House attract thousands of residents and visitors, offering opportunities to engage with the military community and learn about the city’s role in national defense. These events not only honor the sacrifices of service members but also highlight the economic and social contributions of the defense sector to the region.
Beyond formal celebrations, the influence of the defense sector is woven into the everyday lives of Virginians. Local schools and universities often incorporate military history and defense-related topics into their curricula, while community organizations provide support services for military families, including housing assistance and employment programs. The VEDP has also collaborated with cultural institutions such as the Virginia Beach Museum of Art and the Chrysler Museum of Art to host exhibits and programs that explore the intersection of military history and contemporary art. These efforts reflect the city’s commitment to honoring its defense heritage while fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose among residents.
Notable Residents
Virginia Beach has been home to numerous individuals who have made significant contributions to the defense sector, both within the military and in the private industry. Among them is Rear Admiral James E. Smith, a retired U.S. Navy officer who served as the commanding officer of the USS *John F. Kennedy* and later became a key advocate for naval modernization. His work in advancing shipbuilding technologies and improving operational efficiency has had a lasting impact on the region’s defense capabilities. Another notable figure is Dr. Linda M. Thompson, a former director of the Virginia Beach Economic Development Authority, who played a pivotal role in securing federal grants for infrastructure projects that support the defense industry. Her leadership helped establish Virginia Beach as a preferred location for defense contractors and logistics firms.
In the private sector, individuals such as Thomas R. Carter, founder of Carter Marine Industries, have contributed to the city’s defense economy through their work in shipbuilding and maritime technology. Carter’s company has been a major employer in the region, providing thousands of jobs and supporting local supply chains. Similarly, Dr. Elena V. Morales, a researcher at Old Dominion University, has pioneered advancements in cybersecurity and defense-related software development, working closely with the VEDP to ensure that Virginia Beach remains at the forefront of technological innovation in the defense sector. These individuals, along with many others, have helped shape the city’s identity as a center for defense excellence and economic opportunity.
Economy
The defense sector is a cornerstone of Virginia Beach’s economy, contributing significantly to the city’s GDP, employment rates, and overall economic stability. According to a 2023 report by the Virginia Beach Economic Development Authority, the defense industry accounts for over 12% of the region’s total economic output, with more than 25,000 jobs directly tied to defense-related activities. The VEDP has been instrumental in attracting major defense contractors such as Huntington Ingalls Industries, Northrop Grumman, and Raytheon Technologies, which have established operations in the area. These companies not only provide high-paying jobs but also support a network of local suppliers, engineers, and service providers, creating a robust and interconnected economic ecosystem.
In addition to direct employment, the defense sector stimulates ancillary industries such as logistics, transportation, and advanced manufacturing. The presence of Naval Station Norfolk and the nearby Virginia Beach International Airport ensures that the region remains a critical hub for the movement of military personnel, equipment, and supplies. This infrastructure has attracted companies involved in defense logistics, including those specializing in aircraft maintenance, submarine repair, and cybersecurity. The VEDP has also worked to diversify the defense economy by promoting emerging fields such as unmanned systems, artificial intelligence, and space technology, ensuring that Virginia Beach remains competitive in the evolving landscape of national security. These efforts have helped the city maintain a strong economic foundation while adapting to the changing demands of the defense industry.
Attractions
Virginia Beach offers a range of attractions that reflect its deep ties to the defense sector, from historical sites to modern facilities that showcase the city’s role in national security. among the most notable is the Virginia Beach Military Museum, which houses exhibits on the history of the U.S. Navy, the Army, and the Air Force, as well as artifacts from major conflicts and technological advancements in military operations. The museum also features interactive displays and educational programs that highlight the contributions of service members and the importance of defense innovation. Another key attraction is the Naval Station Norfolk Open House, an annual event that allows the public to tour military installations, meet service members, and learn about the latest developments in naval technology. These events provide a unique opportunity for residents and visitors to engage with the military community and gain insight into the city’s defense heritage.
In addition to museums and open houses, Virginia Beach is home to several defense-related landmarks that serve as both functional and symbolic representations of the region’s military significance. The Virginia Beach International Airport, for example, is a critical hub for military logistics, facilitating the movement of personnel and equipment for the U.S. Navy and other branches of the military. The airport’s proximity to Naval Station Norfolk ensures that it plays a vital role in supporting defense operations. Similarly, the city’s shipyards and manufacturing facilities, such as those operated by Huntington Ingalls Industries, offer behind-the-scenes tours that provide a glimpse into the complex processes involved in building and maintaining naval vessels. These attractions not only celebrate the city’s defense legacy but also educate the public on the importance of the sector in maintaining national security.
Getting There
Access to Virginia Beach’s defense-related sites and facilities is facilitated by a well-developed transportation network that includes highways, airports, and maritime routes. The city is served by Interstate 64, which connects it to Norfolk and other key military and industrial centers in the Hampton Roads region. This highway is a primary route for the movement of military personnel, equipment, and defense-related cargo, ensuring efficient access to Naval Station Norfolk and other defense installations. Additionally, Interstate 264 provides a direct link to the Virginia Beach Oceanfront and the city’s downtown area, making it easier for residents and visitors to navigate the region. For those traveling by air, the Virginia Beach International Airport (VBIA) offers both commercial and military flights, serving as a critical hub for defense logistics and personnel transport. The airport’s proximity to Naval Station Norfolk ensures that it plays a vital role in supporting the U.S. Navy’s global operations.
Maritime access to Virginia Beach is also well-established, with the city’s ports and waterways facilitating the movement of military and defense-related cargo. The Hampton Roads Port Authority oversees the region’s major ports, which handle a significant volume of naval and commercial traffic. These ports are essential for the transportation of ships, submarines, and other military assets, reinforcing Virginia Beach’s role as a key node in the U.S. defense supply chain. Public transportation options, including buses and ferries, further enhance accessibility to defense-related sites, ensuring that residents and visitors can easily reach military installations, museums, and other attractions. The VEDP has worked closely with local and state authorities to ensure that transportation infrastructure remains robust and capable of supporting the growing demands of the defense sector.
Neighborhoods
Several neighborhoods in Virginia Beach are closely tied to the defense sector, reflecting the city’s deep integration of military and defense-related industries into its urban fabric. The area surrounding Naval Station Norfolk, for example, is home to a large number of military personnel, their families, and defense contractors, creating a unique community that blends civilian and military life. Neighborhoods such as Kempsville and Phoebus have historically been centers of military activity, with many residents employed in defense-related jobs or affiliated with the armed forces. These areas are characterized by a mix of housing developments, military housing complexes, and commercial spaces that cater to the needs of service members and their families.
In addition to neighborhoods near military installations, other parts of Virginia Beach have developed in response to the growth of the defense industry. The city’s eastern districts, including the Virginia Beach Oceanfront and the nearby resort areas, have seen an increase in businesses that support the military community, such as hotels, restaurants, and retail stores. The VEDP has worked with local developers to ensure that new residential and commercial projects in these areas are designed to accommodate the needs of defense workers and their families. Furthermore, neighborhoods such as the Virginia Beach City Center and the areas near the Virginia Beach International Airport have become hubs for defense-related industries, with companies specializing in logistics, cybersecurity, and advanced manufacturing establishing offices and facilities in these locations. These neighborhoods exemplify the city’s ability to balance economic growth with the needs of its military and defense communities.
Education
Virginia Beach’s education system plays a crucial role in supporting the defense sector by providing a skilled workforce and fostering innovation in military and defense-related fields. The city is home to several institutions of higher learning, including Old Dominion University, which offers programs in engineering, cybersecurity, and defense technology. These programs are designed to meet the needs of the defense industry, producing graduates who are well-prepared for careers in military research, advanced manufacturing, and national security. In addition, the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) and the Naval Academy Preparatory School contribute to the region’s defense education landscape by training future military officers and providing specialized training for service members.
The VEDP has collaborated with local schools and universities to ensure that education aligns with the demands of the defense sector. Partnerships between the VEDP and institutions such as the Virginia Beach City Public Schools have led to the development of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) programs that emphasize defense-related skills. These initiatives include internships, research opportunities, and partnerships with defense contractors that allow students to gain hands-on experience in fields such as cybersecurity, aerospace engineering, and maritime technology. Furthermore, the VEDP has supported the establishment of defense-focused research centers and innovation hubs, such as the Hampton Roads Cybersecurity Center, which provides training and resources for students and professionals interested in advancing the field of national security. These educational efforts ensure that Virginia Beach remains a leader in producing skilled workers for the defense industry.
Demographics
The demographics of Virginia Beach reflect the significant influence of the defense sector on the city’s population and workforce. According to the 2022 U.S. Census Bureau data, over 20% of the city’s residents are affiliated with the military or defense-related industries, with the largest concentrations found in neighborhoods near Naval Station Norfolk and the Virginia Beach International Airport. The defense sector has also contributed to