Kempsville Historic District
Kempsville Historic District represents one of the oldest settled areas within the contemporary city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, and offers a tangible connection to the region’s agricultural past. Originally the county seat of Princess Anne County, Kempsville evolved from a rural crossroads to a focal point for commerce and governance before its eventual incorporation into the larger municipality. Today, the district preserves a collection of historic buildings and landscapes that reflect its 19th and early 20th-century character.
History
The origins of Kempsville date back to the 17th century, though its formal establishment occurred later. The area initially served as an agricultural region, benefiting from the fertile soil and proximity to waterways. The name “Kempsville” is derived from the Kemp family, early settlers in the area who were prominent landowners. In 1805, the Virginia General Assembly designated Kempsville as the county seat of Princess Anne County, solidifying its importance as a regional center. This decision led to the construction of a courthouse, jail, and other buildings necessary for county administration, attracting residents and businesses to the area. [1]
Throughout the 19th century, Kempsville remained a primarily agricultural community, with tobacco and cotton serving as key crops. The courthouse continued to function as the center of legal and political life for Princess Anne County. The arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century, though not directly through Kempsville itself, spurred some economic growth by improving access to markets. However, the area retained its rural character for much of the early 20th century. The 20th century brought significant changes, culminating in the consolidation of Princess Anne County and the City of Virginia Beach in 1963. This merger resulted in Kempsville becoming a part of the larger city, and its role as a county seat was transferred to the new municipal center. [2] Following consolidation, efforts began to preserve the historic character of the Kempsville area, leading to the establishment of the Kempsville Historic District.
Geography
The Kempsville Historic District is located in the central part of the city of Virginia Beach, situated inland from the Chesapeake Bay. The topography of the area is generally flat, characteristic of the Coastal Plain region of Virginia. Historically, the district was positioned along major roadways connecting different parts of Princess Anne County, facilitating trade and travel. These roadways included major routes that predated modern highway systems, serving as vital links for the agricultural community. The area is drained by several small creeks and streams that flow towards the Chesapeake Bay and the Albemarle Sound.
The boundaries of the Kempsville Historic District are defined by a combination of natural features and man-made elements, including roadways and property lines. The district encompasses a concentrated area of historic buildings and landscapes, representing a cohesive architectural and cultural entity. The surrounding land use is a mix of residential, commercial, and institutional properties, reflecting the ongoing development of the city. The district’s location provides convenient access to various amenities and services within Virginia Beach, while still maintaining a distinct sense of historical identity.
Culture
The cultural heritage of the Kempsville Historic District is deeply rooted in its agricultural past and its role as a county seat. For many years, the community revolved around the courthouse and the businesses that supported it, fostering a strong sense of local identity. Social life centered on community events, church gatherings, and agricultural fairs, reflecting the values and traditions of a rural society. The district’s architecture provides a visual representation of this cultural heritage, with many buildings dating back to the 19th and early 20th centuries. These structures showcase a variety of architectural styles, including Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Craftsman, reflecting the evolving tastes and preferences of the residents.
Over time, the cultural landscape of Kempsville has evolved alongside the growth of Virginia Beach. While the district has retained its historic character, it has also become more diverse and cosmopolitan. Efforts to preserve and promote the district’s cultural heritage have included the establishment of local historical societies, the restoration of historic buildings, and the organization of cultural events. These initiatives aim to educate residents and visitors about the area’s rich history and to foster a sense of community pride. The district continues to serve as a cultural hub for the surrounding neighborhoods, offering a glimpse into the past while embracing the future.
Notable Residents
While Kempsville was a center of county governance and commerce, it did not produce a large number of nationally recognized figures. Its significance lies more in the collective contributions of its residents—farmers, merchants, lawyers, and public officials—who shaped the development of Princess Anne County and, later, Virginia Beach. Many families resided in the area for generations, contributing to the stability and continuity of the community. Records of the Princess Anne County courthouse detail the lives of numerous individuals who played important roles in the local economy and political landscape.
Researching specific individuals who lived within the boundaries of the current Kempsville Historic District requires detailed examination of historical records, including census data, land deeds, and local histories. The [[Virginia Beach] Public Library and the City of Virginia Beach’s archival resources are valuable sources for this type of research. While pinpointing specific "notable" residents is challenging without extensive archival work, the district’s historical significance stems from the contributions of the ordinary people who built and sustained the community over the centuries.
Attractions
The primary attraction within the Kempsville Historic District is the district itself – its preserved architecture and historic landscapes. Walking tours allow visitors to appreciate the variety of building styles and learn about the history of the area. Several historic buildings, including former residences and commercial structures, have been restored and repurposed, offering a glimpse into the past. The district's quiet, residential streets provide a contrast to the bustling resort areas of Virginia Beach, offering a more peaceful and reflective experience.
In addition to the historic buildings, the district is home to several local businesses and restaurants that contribute to its vibrant atmosphere. Nearby parks and green spaces provide opportunities for recreation and relaxation. The district’s proximity to other attractions in Virginia Beach, such as the [[Virginia Beach] Oceanfront and [[Mount Trashmore] Park, makes it a convenient destination for visitors seeking a diverse range of experiences. The Kempsville Area Civic League also frequently hosts community events that draw visitors and residents alike.
Getting There
The Kempsville Historic District is readily accessible by car via several major roadways, including Princess Anne Road and Kempsville Road. Public transportation options are available through the Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) bus system, with several routes serving the area. The closest airport is Norfolk International Airport (ORF), located approximately 20 miles north of the district.
Parking within the district is generally available on the street, although it may be limited during peak hours. Bicycle and pedestrian access is encouraged, with sidewalks and bike lanes providing safe routes for navigating the area. The district’s central location within Virginia Beach makes it easily accessible from other parts of the city and the surrounding region.