Cape Henry Cross
The Cape Henry Cross marks the site of the first landing of English colonists in 1607, predating the permanent settlement at Jamestown. This symbolic landmark in Virginia Beach commemorates the initial establishment of a European presence in what would become the United States, representing a pivotal moment in American history and the beginning of the English colonization of North America. The original cross has been replaced multiple times, with the current iteration standing as a testament to enduring historical significance and religious heritage.
History
The initial landing occurred on August 25, 1607, after a grueling journey from England. The colonists, led by Captain Christopher Newport, arrived aboard the ships *Susan Constant*, *Godspeed*, and *Discovery*. They initially erected a simple wooden cross as an act of thanksgiving and to claim the land for England under the authority of the Church of England. This first cross was a temporary structure, reflecting the immediate needs of the arriving settlers. The location was chosen as a sheltered spot to resupply and assess the area before moving inland to establish a permanent settlement. [1]
Over the ensuing centuries, the original wooden cross deteriorated and was replaced several times. A more substantial stone cross was erected in 1890, funded by the Daughters of the American Revolution. This cross, however, was toppled by a hurricane in 1903. The current cross, a 20-foot-tall concrete structure, was dedicated in 1930 and has withstood numerous storms and the passage of time. Its construction involved significant community effort and represented a renewed commitment to preserving the historical memory of the first landing. The site’s continued preservation is overseen by the Preservation Virginia organization, ensuring its accessibility to the public and its maintenance as a historical landmark. [2]
Geography
The Cape Henry Cross is located within First Landing State Park, situated on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The park encompasses over 2,888 acres of diverse ecosystems, including maritime forests, swamps, and beaches. The cross itself stands on a small rise overlooking the bay, providing panoramic views of the water and surrounding landscape. The geographical location is significant not only for its historical relevance but also for its natural beauty and ecological importance. The area is characterized by sandy soil, salt marshes, and a variety of plant and animal life.
The specific location of the cross has changed slightly over time due to erosion and shoreline shifts. However, it remains within the boundaries of First Landing State Park, ensuring its protection and accessibility. The park’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay creates a unique coastal environment. The land surrounding the cross is carefully maintained to preserve its historical integrity and provide a respectful setting for visitors. [3]
Culture
The Cape Henry Cross holds deep cultural significance for both the local community and the nation as a whole. It represents the beginning of English colonization in North America and the complex interactions between European settlers and the indigenous populations. The cross serves as a reminder of the religious motivations that drove many of the early colonists, as well as the challenges and hardships they faced. It is a place of reflection and remembrance, attracting visitors from diverse backgrounds and beliefs.
The site is often used for commemorative events and religious services, particularly around the anniversary of the first landing. These events aim to honor the historical significance of the cross and to promote understanding and reconciliation. The cross has also become a symbol of Virginia Beach’s identity and heritage, appearing in local artwork, literature, and tourism materials. The Preservation Virginia organization actively promotes educational programs and exhibits to enhance public awareness of the cross’s history and cultural importance. [4]
Attractions
First Landing State Park, where the Cape Henry Cross is located, offers a variety of recreational activities and attractions beyond the historical landmark itself. Visitors can explore over 20 miles of hiking and biking trails that wind through the park’s diverse ecosystems. The park also features a freshwater swamp, a beach along the Chesapeake Bay, and opportunities for kayaking, canoeing, and fishing. The Chesapeake Bay Beach provides a popular spot for swimming and sunbathing during the summer months.
The park’s visitor center offers exhibits and information about the area’s history, ecology, and recreational opportunities. Guided tours are available, providing insights into the significance of the Cape Henry Cross and the surrounding landscape. Nearby attractions include the First Landing Interpretive Center, which delves deeper into the story of the 1607 landing, and the historic Adam Thoroughgood House, one of the oldest colonial homes in America. [5]
Getting There
The Cape Henry Cross is easily accessible by car. From Interstate 64, take Exit 408 for First Landing Road. Follow First Landing Road east to the First Landing State Park entrance. Parking is available within the park, and a short walk leads to the cross. Public transportation options are limited, so driving is the most convenient way to reach the site.
Visitors traveling from other parts of Virginia Beach can also access the park via Shore Drive. Bicycle access is permitted on designated trails within the park, providing an alternative mode of transportation for those seeking a more active experience. The park is well-signposted, making it easy to navigate once inside. [6]